Nursing school is packed with information-drug actions, lab values, assessment frameworks, and priorities. Memorizing it all can feel overwhelming. That's where nursing mnemonics come in. Mnemonics are short words, acronyms, or phrases that make complex information easier to remember.

In this guide, you'll find commonly used, widely accepted mnemonics that nurses and students rely on every day. These aren't a replacement for deep understanding or clinical judgment, but they're powerful tools to make learning and recalling information much easier.

Important: Mnemonics are memory aids that should supplement, not replace, thorough understanding of nursing concepts and evidence-based practice. Always follow current protocols and use clinical judgment.

💊 Pharmacology & Disease Mnemonics

MONA - Myocardial Infarction Management
MONA Emergency MI Protocol
  • M
    Morphine - Pain management and anxiety reduction
  • O
    Oxygen - Support oxygenation if SpO₂ <90%
  • N
    Nitroglycerin - Vasodilation for chest pain
  • A
    Aspirin - Antiplatelet therapy
Note: MONA is a classic teaching mnemonic for heart attack management. It's widely taught but not the literal treatment order in modern protocols.
FAST - Stroke Recognition
FAST Emergency Stroke Assessment
  • F
    Face drooping - Ask patient to smile, check for facial asymmetry
  • A
    Arm weakness - Test bilateral arm strength
  • S
    Speech difficulty - Listen for slurred or garbled speech
  • T
    Time to call 911 - Immediate emergency response
Clinical Pearl: This simple acronym is used worldwide to help identify early stroke symptoms and emphasizes the importance of rapid response.
SLUDGE - Cholinergic Crisis
SLUDGE Cholinergic Toxicity Signs
  • S
    Salivation - Excessive saliva production
  • L
    Lacrimation - Excessive tearing
  • U
    Urination - Incontinence or urgency
  • D
    Defecation - Bowel incontinence
  • G
    GI upset - Nausea, cramping
  • E
    Emesis - Vomiting
Clinical Context: Helps recall the hallmark signs of too much acetylcholine (e.g., organophosphate poisoning or cholinesterase inhibitor overdose).

🧪 Lab & Electrolyte Mnemonics

MURDER - Hyperkalemia Symptoms
MURDER High Potassium Warning Signs
  • M
    Muscle weakness - Progressive skeletal muscle weakness
  • U
    Urine changes - Oliguria or anuria
  • R
    Respiratory distress - Shallow, ineffective breathing
  • D
    Decreased cardiac contractility - Weak, irregular pulse
  • E
    ECG changes - Peaked T waves, widened QRS complex
  • R
    Reflex abnormalities - Hyperreflexia progressing to areflexia
CAUTION - Warning Signs of Cancer
CAUTION Cancer Warning Signs (ACS)
  • C
    Change in bowel/bladder habits
  • A
    A sore that doesn't heal
  • U
    Unusual bleeding/discharge
  • T
    Thickening or lump
  • I
    Indigestion or trouble swallowing
  • O
    Obvious change in wart/mole
  • N
    Nagging cough/hoarseness
Source: This classic list comes from the American Cancer Society's teaching materials and is widely used in patient education. 1

🎯 Nursing Priorities & Frameworks

ABC - Priority Assessment Framework
ABC Universal Priority System
  • A
    Airway - Patent airway ALWAYS first priority
  • B
    Breathing - Adequate ventilation and oxygenation
  • C
    Circulation - Hemodynamic stability and perfusion
Gold Standard: The universal priority framework in emergency and critical care situations—always assess in this exact order.
SPICES - Geriatric Assessment
SPICES Elderly Care Assessment (NICHE)
  • S
    Sleep disorders - Sleep pattern disturbances
  • P
    Problems with eating/feeding - Nutritional concerns
  • I
    Incontinence - Bladder/bowel control issues
  • C
    Confusion - Cognitive changes or delirium
  • E
    Evidence of falls - Fall risk assessment
  • S
    Skin breakdown - Pressure ulcer risk
Source: This assessment tool comes from NICHE (Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders) and is used in geriatric nursing education. 2

🩺 Patient Assessment Mnemonics

OLDCART - Pain Assessment
OLDCART Comprehensive Pain History
  • O
    Onset - When did it start? Sudden or gradual?
  • L
    Location - Where is the pain? Does it radiate?
  • D
    Duration - How long does it last?
  • C
    Character - Describe the pain (sharp, dull, cramping)
  • A
    Aggravating factors - What makes it worse?
  • R
    Relieving factors - What makes it better?
  • T
    Timing - When does it occur? Pattern?
SAMPLE - History Taking
SAMPLE Emergency History Assessment
  • S
    Signs/Symptoms - Current complaints
  • A
    Allergies - Known allergic reactions
  • M
    Medications - Current prescriptions and OTC
  • P
    Past medical history - Previous illnesses/surgeries
  • L
    Last oral intake - Food and fluid consumption
  • E
    Events leading up - What happened before onset?

💡 How to Master Nursing Mnemonics

🧠 Memory Techniques

  • Visual association: Create mental images for each letter
  • Story method: Turn mnemonics into memorable stories
  • Repetition: Practice daily during clinical rotations
  • Context learning: Use mnemonics with real patient scenarios

📋 Practice Strategies

  • Quiz yourself: Cover the meanings and test recall
  • Teach others: Explain mnemonics to study partners
  • Apply clinically: Use during patient assessments
  • Create variations: Adapt mnemonics to specific units

⚡ Quick Review Tips

  • Priority mnemonics: Master ABC, FAST, MONA first
  • High-frequency use: Focus on assessment tools like OLDCART
  • Emergency situations: Know life saving mnemonics by heart
  • NCLEX preparation: Practice with scenario based questions

🎯 Pro Study Tip

Don't just memorize the letters, understand the clinical reasoning behind each mnemonic. This deeper understanding will help you apply them correctly in high pressure situations and answer complex NCLEX questions.

🌟 Your Mnemonic Mastery Journey

These nursing mnemonics are your clinical companions tools that transform complex medical information into memorable, actionable knowledge. From emergency assessments to medication administration, each mnemonic serves as a cognitive safety net in critical moments.

Remember: consistent practice turns these memory aids into automatic responses. Start with the fundamentals (ABC, FAST, MONA), then gradually expand your toolkit as you advance through your nursing career.

References

  1. American Cancer Society. (2023). Cancer Warning Signs and Symptoms. Retrieved from ACS Website.
  2. NICHE Program. (n.d.). SPICES Tool for Geriatric Nursing. Retrieved from NICHE Website.