Range of Motion Exercises
Category: Musculoskeletal
Overview
Therapeutic exercises to maintain or improve joint flexibility, prevent contractures, and promote circulation in immobilized or weakened patients.
Indications
Immobility, bed rest, joint stiffness, post-operative recovery, stroke rehabilitation, arthritis management, spinal cord injury.
Contraindications
Acute fractures, severe joint inflammation, recent joint surgery (unless ordered), severe pain, unstable spine.
Equipment Needed
Pillows for support, gait belt if needed, comfortable clothing, non-slip footwear.
Procedure Steps
1. Explain procedure and obtain patient consent
2. Ensure privacy and comfortable environment
3. Position patient safely and comfortably
4. Support joints above and below the area being exercised
5. Move joints slowly and smoothly through full range
6. Perform 3-5 repetitions of each movement
7. Start with neck: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
8. Progress to shoulders: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
9. Continue with elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, knees, ankles
10. Monitor patient for pain or discomfort
11. Stop if patient reports pain or shows signs of fatigue
12. Document exercises performed and patient response
Safety Considerations
Move joints slowly and gently. Stop if resistance is felt. Support weak or paralyzed limbs. Watch for signs of pain or fatigue. Use passive ROM for unconscious patients, active-assisted for weak patients.
Potential Complications
Joint injury, muscle strain, increased pain, fatigue, fracture in osteoporotic patients, dislocation.
Documentation
Record which joints exercised, type of ROM (active, passive, active-assisted), patient tolerance, any limitations or pain, and progress notes.
References
American Physical Therapy Association. (2019). Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, Range of Motion Guidelines.