Generic Name

Polythiazide

---

Classification

FDA Approved Indications

• Hypertension
• Edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and renal disease

Mechanism of Action

Polythiazide inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Typically 25-50 mg once daily; dosage may be adjusted based on response.

Pediatric: Not generally recommended for pediatric use; consult specific guidelines.

Geriatric: Start at lower doses with careful monitoring due to increased sensitivity and risk of electrolyte imbalance.

Renal Impairment: Use with caution; dosage adjustments may be necessary.

Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; monitor closely, as hepatic impairment may alter drug response.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution: Widely distributed, bound to plasma proteins.

Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism.

Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys.

Half Life: Approximately 3-4 hours.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to thiazide diuretics
• Anuria

Precautions

• Electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia)
• Diabetic patients (may affect glucose control)
• Patients with gout (may precipitate attacks)
• Use cautiously in patients with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, or those on other antihypertensive agents.

Adverse Reactions - Common

• Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia) (Common)
• Hypotension (Common)
• Dizziness, dizziness upon standing (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

• Electrolyte disturbances leading to arrhythmias (Serious)
• Blood dyscrasias (rare) (Rare)
• Allergic reactions (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

• Other antihypertensives, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, lithium

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Patient/Family Teaching

• Take medication exactly as prescribed.
• Notify healthcare provider of signs of electrolyte imbalance (muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat).
• Rise slowly from sitting or lying position to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
• Maintain adequate fluid and electrolyte intake.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

• None specific for Polythiazide.

Genetic Factors: None specified.

Lab Test Interference: May alter glucose and electrolyte tests.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia), hypotension.

Treatment: Discontinue medication, provide supportive care, correct electrolyte imbalances, and maintain adequate hydration.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.