Drug Guide
Oxiconazole Nitrate
Classification
Therapeutic: Antifungal
Pharmacological: Imidazole antifungal
FDA Approved Indications
- Treating topical fungal infections of the skin such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm
Mechanism of Action
Oxiconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to increased cell membrane permeability and cell death.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Apply a thin layer of the cream to the affected area once daily for 2 weeks (or as directed based on infection severity).
Pediatric: Safety and efficacy in children under 12 years have not been established; use only if directed by a healthcare provider.
Geriatric: No specific dosage adjustment needed, but monitor for skin irritation or allergic reactions.
Renal Impairment: No specific adjustments needed.
Hepatic Impairment: No specific adjustments needed.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Minimal systemic absorption when applied topically.
Distribution: Primarily localized in the skin.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the skin; systemic metabolic pathways are not well characterized.
Excretion: Excreted primarily in the skin; negligible systemic excretion.
Half Life: Not applicable for topical use as systemic half-life is not established.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to oxiconazole or other azole antifungals.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to azole antifungals. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
- Pregnancy category B: safety in pregnancy not fully established. Use only if clearly needed.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Application site irritation (Minor, transient)
- Itching or burning sensation (Minor, transient)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Allergic contact dermatitis (Rare)
- Swelling, blistering, or worsening skin condition (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- None well-documented for topical use.
Drug-Food Interactions
- None
Drug-Herb Interactions
- None known
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Inspect skin for signs of infection or irritation before and during therapy.
Diagnoses:
- Impaired skin integrity related to fungal infection or medication reaction.
Implementation: Instruct the patient to apply a thin layer of the medication to the affected area and wash hands before and after application.
Evaluation: Monitor skin condition periodically to assess for resolution of infection and adverse reactions.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Use as directed; do not apply to unaffected skin.
- Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction or worsening condition.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- None
Genetic Factors: None relevant.
Lab Test Interference: None known.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Overdose from topical application is unlikely but may include local irritation.
Treatment: Remove excess medication, wash the affected area with water, and monitor for adverse reactions.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, away from heat and moisture.
Stability: Stable under recommended conditions for the duration of the labeled shelf life.