Generic Name

Docosanol

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Classification

FDA Approved Indications

• Herpes labialis (cold sores) of the lip

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits viral fusion with host cell membrane, preventing viral entry and replication.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Apply liberally to the affected area five times daily until healing occurs, for up to 10 days.

Pediatric: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under 12 years have not been established.

Geriatric: No specific dose adjustment required; use with caution and monitor for adverse reactions.

Renal Impairment: No dose adjustment necessary.

Hepatic Impairment: No specific data; use with caution.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Minimal absorption through skin; systemic absorption negligible.

Distribution: Localized application; systemic distribution not significant.

Metabolism: Metabolized locally at the application site.

Excretion: Excreted in skin cells and superficial skin layers.

Half Life: Not applicable due to minimal systemic absorption.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to docosanol or any components of the formulation.

Precautions

• Avoid contact with eyes.
• Discontinue use if irritation, redness, or other signs of local adverse reactions occur.
• Use only as directed; does not prevent the spread of herpes.

Adverse Reactions - Common

• Application site reactions (burning, redness, itching) (Uncommon)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

• Allergic skin reactions, such as rash or swelling (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

N/A

Drug-Food Interactions

• No significant interactions reported.

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Patient/Family Teaching

• Apply at first sign of cold sore for best results.
• Use as directed and complete the course.
• Keep the lesion covered to prevent spread.
• Inform healthcare provider if no improvement in 10 days or if adverse reactions occur.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings: N/A

Genetic Factors: No known genetic factors affecting use.

Lab Test Interference: No known interference with laboratory tests.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Local irritation or systemic hypersensitivity reactions.

Treatment: Discontinue use and provide symptomatic treatment; antihistamines or corticosteroids for allergic reactions if necessary.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.

Stability: Stable up to the expiration date when stored properly.