Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Cromolyn Sodium
Classification
Therapeutic: Antiallergic/Antiasthmatic
Pharmacological: Mast cell stabilizer
FDA Approved Indications
- Asthma (preventive therapy)
- Allergic rhinitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Gastrointestinal allergies
Mechanism of Action
Cromolyn sodium stabilizes mast cell membranes, preventing the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine, thereby reducing allergic and asthmatic responses.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Dosed as inhaler or nasal spray; specific doses vary by product and condition.
Pediatric: Similar dosing as adults, typically with age-specific formulations.
Geriatric: No specific adjustments recommended, but caution for comorbidities.
Renal Impairment: Use cautiously; no specific dose adjustment indicated.
Hepatic Impairment: No specific data; generally not metabolized by liver.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Minimal systemic absorption when used inhaled or intranasally.
Distribution: Limited, mostly local action.
Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized; primarily local effects.
Excretion: Excreted largely unchanged via feces and urine.
Half Life: Approximately 1.5 hours in systemic circulation when absorbed.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cromolyn sodium or any component.
- Severe asthma attack or unstable asthma.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment; monitor for adverse reactions. Some formulations contain preservatives that may cause bronchospasm in sensitive individuals.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Throat irritation (Common)
- Cough (Common)
- Sneezing (Common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Bronchospasm (Rare)
- Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- None well-established, but caution with other inhaled agents.
Drug-Food Interactions
- No significant interactions known.
Drug-Herb Interactions
- Limited data; generally no known interactions.
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Monitor respiratory status, lung function tests, and for hypersensitivity reactions.
Diagnoses:
- Ineffective airway clearance
- Risk for allergic reaction
Implementation: Administer as prescribed; educate patient on correct inhaler/nasal spray technique; observe for adverse reactions.
Evaluation: Assess frequency of asthma attacks, symptom control, and adverse effects.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Use regularly to maintain effect.
- Proper inhaler or nasal spray technique.
- Report any signs of allergic reactions or worsening symptoms.
- Avoid triggers that worsen allergy or asthma.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- No black box warnings reported.
Genetic Factors: None known.
Lab Test Interference: No significant interference with laboratory tests.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Unlikely due to minimal systemic absorption; excessive inhalation might cause cough or bronchospasm.
Treatment: Supportive care; bronchodilators if bronchospasm occurs.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.